Refugees and displaced people frequently experience pain that is complex and often under-recognized or undertreated, partly because of trauma, difficult living conditions, cultural differences, and barriers to healthcare access. Pain is closely linked with psychological distress such as PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and effective assessment and treatment require culturally sensitive communication, trust-building, and attention to the person’s broader life experiences. The fact sheet emphasizes the need for better training, multidisciplinary care (including physiotherapy and trauma-informed approaches), and more research to improve pain management in these vulnerable populations.